and 2 and The Consolation of Philosophy, both Socrates and Boethius write on the basis of wickedness and punishment as well as happiness and goodness. Boethius believes wickedness acts as its own punishment because it serves as a vice in which the wicked descend from human nature and become more like beasts. Meanwhile, Socrates inclines towards the side of consequences of wickedness in both the soul as well as outside influences that lead to their own punishment. Therefore, Boethius believes that